Acne: Types, causes, and treatment

Written By Natasha Smith

Acne affects up to 85% of people at some point in their lives, making it one of the most common skin conditions. Understanding the different types and treatment options can help you develop an effective skincare strategy.

Rosacea: one of the 4 types of acne

The 4 Types of Acne

1. Comedonal Acne (Non-inflammatory)

  • Blackheads - Open comedones with dark appearance due to oxidized oil

  • Whiteheads - Closed comedones that appear as small, flesh-colored bumps

  • Most common type, typically appears on forehead, nose, and chin


2. Inflammatory Acne

  • Papules - Small, red, tender bumps without visible pus

  • Pustules - Red bumps with white or yellow pus-filled centers

  • Results from bacteria and inflammation in clogged pores


3. Cystic Acne

  • Nodules - Large, painful lumps deep under the skin

  • Cysts - Deep, pus-filled lesions that can cause scarring

  • Most severe form, often requires professional treatment

4. Rosacea

  • Persistent redness, particularly on cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead

  • May include papules, pustules, and visible blood vessels

  • Often triggered by heat, spicy foods, alcohol, or stress

  • Different from traditional acne and requires specific treatment approaches



At-Home Treatments

Daily skincare routine:

  • Gentle cleanser twice daily (avoid over-washing)

  • Non-comedogenic moisturizer

  • Broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen

At home skincare treatments for acne

Over-the-counter ingredients:

  • Salicylic acid (BHA) - Unclogs pores and reduces inflammation

  • Benzoyl peroxide - Kills acne bacteria and prevents new breakouts

  • Retinol - Promotes cell turnover and prevents clogged pores

  • Niacinamide - Reduces inflammation and controls oil production

  • Sulphur- This is one of my favourites! and not widely known about. Its a good all-rounder but is phenomenal at treating rosacea.

Important tips:

  • Start with lower concentrations to avoid irritation

  • Introduce one new product at a time

  • Be consistent for 6-8 weeks before expecting results

Professional Treatments

Clinic options:

Professional procedures -

  • Chemical peels - start off light and regularly (every 2-3 weeks)

  • LED therapy ( great when combined with other treatments)

  • micro needling for scar treatment - my results with this are incredible!

  • Deep cleaning & balancing facials

See our success stories:

can also be seen on our Instagram with a full treatment rundown. Get in touch to start your success story today!


Diet & Supplements That May Help

Foods to consider limiting:

  • High-glycemic foods (white bread, sugary snacks)

  • Dairy products (some people find this helpful, though evidence is mixed)

  • Excess omega-6 oils

Beneficial foods:

  • Omega-3 rich foods (fatty fish, walnuts, flaxseeds)

  • Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables

  • Green tea

  • Probiotic foods (yogurt, kefir, fermented vegetables)

Supplements with research support:

  • Omega-3 fatty acids - Anti-inflammatory properties

  • Zinc - May reduce inflammation (consult healthcare provider for dosing)

  • Probiotics - Support gut-skin connection

  • Vitamin D - Important for immune function and skin health

  • Vitamin B12 - Deficiency can contribute to skin issues; however, excess B12 supplementation may trigger acne flares in some people, so testing levels first is recommended

Nighttime skincare is a must in acne treatment and prevention. Don’t forget those clean towels and pillowcases!

Prevention Tips

  • Don't pick or squeeze blemishes

  • Change pillowcases regularly

  • Clean makeup brushes weekly

  • Choose non-comedogenic products

  • Manage stress through exercise, sleep, and relaxation techniques

  • Stay hydrated


Final Thoughts

Acne treatment requires patience and consistency. What works varies greatly between individuals, so don't get discouraged if the first approach doesn't work. Talk to a professional who specialises in skincare… I have bespoke skincare consultations for exactly that! think of them like a full exploration and skin lesson combined. To help choose the best pathway forward and walk away with new routines, techniques, and tailored information for your specific acne.

Combining proper skincare with healthy lifestyle habits often yields the best results. For persistent or severe acne, professional treatment can make a significant difference in both skin health and confidence.

Remember: clearer skin is a journey… sometimes great results take time! Be gentle with your skin and yourself throughout the process.

















Natasha Smith
Next

Your Guide to Understanding & Treating Pigmentation